Gerd may refer to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease is defined as chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of stomach acid to the esophagus.A typical symptom isheartburn. This is commonly due to transient or permanent changes in the barrier between the esophagus and the stomach. This can be due to incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, impaired expulsion of gastric reflux from the esophagus, or a hiatal hernia. A different type of acid reflux which produces respiratory and laryngeal manifestations islaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), also called extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD). Unlike GERD, LPR is unlikely to produce heartburn, and is thus sometimes called silent reflux.

The most-common symptoms of GERD are:

1. Heartburn
2. Regurgitation
3. Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)

Less-common symptoms include:

1. Pain with swallowing (odynophagia)
2. Excessive salivation
3. Nausea
4. Chest pain

GERD sometimes causes injury of the esophagus. These injuries may include:

1. Reflux esophagitis-necrosis of esophageal epithelium causing ulcers near the junction of the stomach and esophagus. Esophageal strictures-the persistent narrowing of the esophagus caused by reflux-induced inflammation.
2. Barrett’s esophagus-metaplasia (changes of the epithelial cells from squamous to columnar epithelium) of the distal esophagus. Esophageal adenocarcinoma-a rare form of cancer.

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