Autism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior. These sign are seen in children aged below 3 years. It is one of the three recognized disorders in Autism Spectrum. Others are Asperger Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder. In Asperger Syndrome delay in language and development is seen. Pervasive Developmental Disorder is diagnosed when the full set of criteria for autism or Asperger Syndrome are not met.

Autism has strong genetic basis for example identical twins or siblings to both have autism. Chromosomal abnormalities and nervous systems problems are also common with autism. The causes of autism may be diet, digestive tract changes, mercury poisoning, vaccine sensitivity. Autism affects boys 3-4 times more often than girls.

Symptoms of Autism show off as difficulty in playing, social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication. Some children with autism appear normal before age of 1 or 2 then suddenly regress and lose language or social skills this is called regressive type of autism children with autism may be sensitive to touch, smell, hearing, repeated body movements, shows unusual attachments to objects.

Communication problems like not maintaining social conversation, slow d language development or not at all, make gestures instead of words. Repetitive words, doesn’t point to direct others or attention to objects. Social interactions like withdrawn, does not make friends, sit alone, and don’t like to play with others, avoid eye to eye contact. Play like imaginative play, ritualistic play.

Child is over active or very passive, shows aggression to others or self, repetitive body movements, stick to single topic or task, acts up with intense tantrums.Response to sensory information like, does not startle at loud noises, rubs surfaces, mouth or licks objects, low or high response to pain, high or low senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch & smell. Children are failed to say single words by 16 months, gesture by 12 month, babble by 12 months, losing language & social skills at any age.

An evaluation of autism will often include a complete physical and nervous system examination. Children with known are suspected autism will often have genetic testing and may have metabolic testing. Autism includes a broad spectrum of symptoms all this symptoms have to evaluate to diagnose it as autism. Communication, language, speech, success at school and thinking abilities are to be measured.

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